All fiber services
Vast Fiber · Long-Haul Dark

Long-haul
dark fiber.
Total control.

Take raw, unlit strands on a long-haul route across our privately owned California network. Bring your own optics, light it your way, and scale to whatever capacity your business demands.

Single-mode

Dedicated strands

Your optics

Light it your way

Diverse paths

Route redundancy

Private

Physically isolated

Dark Fiber Path

Unlit · Customer-managed

Provisioned

99.5%

Underground

1,700+

Fiber strands

100+

Regen points

SF ↔ LA corridor California · illustrative
California, with the San Francisco to Los Angeles corridor markedAn outline of California on a latitude and longitude grid. A line runs from San Francisco on the coast, east into the Central Valley and then south through Stockton, Modesto, Turlock, Merced, Madera, Fresno, Clovis, Hanford, Visalia, Tulare and Bakersfield, before crossing the mountains into Los Angeles.StocktonModestoMercedFresnoVisaliaBakersfieldSan FranciscoLos Angeles
Long-haul corridor

San Francisco to Los Angeles, down the valley

The direct path between California's two largest metros does not hug the coast. It runs inland through the Central Valley — the flat, buildable ground where conduit goes in straight and stays reachable. That run is what long-haul dark fiber means here: all 11 markets Vast publishes sit on the line, and the plant under it is 99.5% buried.

Endpoints
SF ↔ LA
Markets on the line
11
Path
Central Valley
  • Regional scale — cities and corridor, nothing finer
  • No centre-lines, splice points, or facility positions
  • Serviceability is confirmed per address, not from this map
Illustrative. The line shows the valley corridor and the published markets along it — not surveyed route geometry.
The plant
Buried plant

99.5%underground

Almost none of this network is on poles, so it is out of reach of wind, ice, vehicle strikes and the outages that follow them.

Fiber count

1,700+strands

Strand count is what makes dark fiber available to hand over at all — a thin cable has nothing spare to give you.

Regeneration points

100+sites

Regen and colocation sites along the route are where the optical budget is rebuilt, and where you can place your own equipment.

Your network. Your rules.

The physical layer, and nothing in the way.

Long-haul dark fiber gives you dedicated physical infrastructure and total control — no shared electronics, no imposed limits. You decide how it's lit, scaled, and secured.

Colocation, strategically placed

With 100+ regeneration points along the route: more flexibility, more redundancy, and less risk.

Light it your way

Bring your own optics and equipment. Choose your protocols, your capacity, and your upgrade path.

Unlimited capacity

No imposed ceiling. Scale by upgrading your own transceivers — not your contract.

Total privacy

A physically separate path with no shared electronics. Maximum isolation.

What's included

  • Dedicated single-mode strands
  • Point-to-point or multi-site
  • Diverse and protected paths
  • Underground, privately owned
  • You control optics and protocols
  • 24/7 NOC plant monitoring

Ideal for

  • Carriers and wholesale providers
  • Data center and cloud interconnect
  • Universities and research networks
  • Hospitals and healthcare systems
  • Organizations with strict security needs
  • High-frequency or latency-sensitive workloads

Dark fiber + IRU agreements

Lock in dedicated capacity you control for 10–20 years, with predictable long-term costs and none of the capex or maintenance burden of owning the infrastructure.

In depth

What is dark fiber, and why run your own?

Long-haul dark fiber is optical fiber that has been installed in the ground, over intercity distances, but is not yet "lit" by a provider's transmission electronics. The glass is there; the light is not. When you take dark fiber from Vast Networks, you take the physical strands themselves across our 5,000+ route miles of privately owned fiber in California — plant that is 99.5% underground, carrying 1,700+ strands, with 100+ regeneration and colocation points along the way — then light them with your own optics. The result is a private network you control end-to-end, with capacity and protocols that answer to you, not your carrier's product catalog.

01

Dark fiber vs. lit (dedicated) fiber

With lit fiber, the provider owns the electronics on each end and delivers a managed circuit at a defined speed — simple and turnkey. With dark fiber, you own those electronics, which means you decide the bandwidth, the framing, and when to upgrade. Lit fiber is the right choice when you want a fully managed service; dark fiber is the right choice when you need maximum control, privacy, and a capacity ceiling limited only by your own hardware.

02

Light it your way, scale without limits

Because you supply the optics, the same pair of fibers can carry a few gigabits today and hundreds of gigabits — or terabits — tomorrow. Modern coherent and DWDM transceivers let you multiply capacity simply by swapping transponders, with no change to your underlying agreement. That makes dark fiber uniquely future-proof: you grow on your own timeline, at the speed your technology allows, without renegotiating bandwidth every time demand spikes.

03

Maximum privacy and security

A dark fiber path is physically separate, with no shared provider electronics in line. Your traffic never mingles with anyone else's, and you can apply your own encryption and security policies across the entire route. For carriers, data centers, universities, hospitals, and organizations with strict compliance requirements, that physical isolation is often the deciding factor.

04

Who chooses dark fiber?

Dark fiber is built for organizations that want to operate like their own network. Carriers and wholesale providers use it to extend reach; data centers and cloud platforms use it for high-capacity interconnect; research universities, healthcare systems, and latency-sensitive trading operations use it for control and isolation. We design the path and monitor the physical plant 24/7 — you own everything that rides on top of it.

Questions

Dark fiber FAQs

Common questions about dark fiber, capacity, equipment, and availability.

What is dark fiber?

Dark fiber is optical fiber that has been installed but is not "lit" by the provider's electronics. Long-haul dark fiber is the same thing over intercity distances rather than inside one metro. When you take dark fiber from Vast Networks, you hold the physical glass itself and supply your own optics and equipment to light it — giving you a private network with capacity and protocols entirely under your control.

How is dark fiber different from lit or dedicated fiber?

With lit (dedicated) fiber, we provide the transport electronics and deliver a managed service at a set speed. With dark fiber, you control the electronics on each end, so you decide the capacity, the protocols, and the upgrade path. Dark fiber offers maximum control and a near-unlimited capacity ceiling; lit fiber offers a fully managed, plug-and-play experience.

How much bandwidth can dark fiber carry?

Because you own the optics, the ceiling is set by your equipment rather than your contract. With modern coherent and DWDM transceivers, a single dark fiber pair can carry hundreds of gigabits and scale into the terabits — and you can upgrade capacity simply by changing your own transponders.

Do I need my own equipment to use dark fiber?

Yes. Dark fiber is the physical layer only, so you provide and manage the optics and networking gear on each end. This is what gives dark fiber its flexibility and privacy. Our team can advise on path design and reach, and our NOC monitors the physical plant 24/7.

Is dark fiber more secure?

Dark fiber is a physically separate path with no shared electronics, which is why carriers, healthcare systems, research networks, and security-conscious enterprises choose it. Your traffic never traverses shared provider equipment, and you can apply your own encryption and security policies end-to-end.

How much of the network is underground?

99.5% of it. That number matters more than it sounds: aerial fiber shares poles with power and is exposed to wind, ice, vehicle strikes and third-party work, which is where a large share of fiber cuts come from. Buried plant in private conduit takes that whole category of risk off the table, and it is the reason we quote the figure at all.

What are regeneration points, and why do 100+ of them matter?

An optical signal weakens over distance, so it has to be regenerated at intervals along a long-haul route. Those sites are also colocation space: with 100+ of them across the network, you have that many places to put your own equipment, hand off to another carrier, or split a route for redundancy — which is what turns a single long span into a network you can design around.

Where is dark fiber available?

We operate 5,000+ route miles of privately owned, underground fiber across California, with point-to-point, multi-site, and diverse/protected path options. Share your endpoints and routing requirements and we will map the available paths and provide a quote.

Dark Fiber

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Tell us your endpoints and routing needs. We'll map available dark fiber paths and put together a quote.

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